CentOS安装操作系统级初始优化

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　作者：尹正杰 

版权声明：原创作品，谢绝转载！否则将追究法律责任。

 

 

 

 

一.SSH 连接速度慢优化

1>.关闭DNS PTR反向查询

　　UseDNS 选项打开状态下，当客户端试图登录SSH服务器时，服务器端先根据客户端的IP地址进行DNS PTR反向查询出客户端的主机名，然后根据查询出的客户端主机名进行DNS正向A记录查询，验证与其原始IP地址是否一致，这是防止客户端欺骗的一种措施，但一般我们的是动态IP不会有PTR记录，打开这个选项不过是在白白浪费时间而已，不如将其关闭。

[root@node101 ~]# [root@node101 ~]# grep UseDNS /etc/ssh/sshd_config #UseDNS yes[root@node101 ~]# [root@node101 ~]# sed -i 's@#UseDNS yes@UseDNS no@g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config[root@node101 ~]# [root@node101 ~]# grep UseDNS /etc/ssh/sshd_config UseDNS no[root@node101 ~]#

2>.关闭GSSAPI身份验证

 　　GSSAPIAuthentication  当这个参数开启（ GSSAPIAuthentication  yes ）的时候，通过SSH登陆服务器时候会有些会很慢！这是由于服务器端启用了GSSAPI。登陆的时候客户端需要对服务器端的IP地址进行反解析，如果服务器的IP地址没有配置PTR记录，那么就容易在这里卡住了。  

[root@node101 ~]# grep GSSAPIAuthentication /etc/ssh/sshd_config GSSAPIAuthentication yes[root@node101 ~]# [root@node101 ~]# sed -i 's@^GSSAPIAuthentication yes@GSSAPIAuthentication no@g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config[root@node101 ~]# [root@node101 ~]# grep GSSAPIAuthentication /etc/ssh/sshd_config GSSAPIAuthentication no[root@node101 ~]# [root@node101 ~]# systemctl restart sshd[root@node101 ~]#

 

二.更换yum源

1>.创建备份目录

[root@node102 ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/total 28-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 Dec  9  2015 CentOS-Base.repo-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Dec  9  2015 CentOS-CR.repo-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  649 Dec  9  2015 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  290 Dec  9  2015 CentOS-fasttrack.repo-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  630 Dec  9  2015 CentOS-Media.repo-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Dec  9  2015 CentOS-Sources.repo-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1952 Dec  9  2015 CentOS-Vault.repo[root@node102 ~]# [root@node102 ~]# [root@node102 ~]# mkdir -p /etc/yum.repos.d/{default,back}[root@node102 ~]# [root@node102 ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/total 28drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Mar  3 05:34 back-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 Dec  9  2015 CentOS-Base.repo-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Dec  9  2015 CentOS-CR.repo-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  649 Dec  9  2015 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  290 Dec  9  2015 CentOS-fasttrack.repo-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  630 Dec  9  2015 CentOS-Media.repo-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Dec  9  2015 CentOS-Sources.repo-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1952 Dec  9  2015 CentOS-Vault.repodrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Mar  3 05:34 default[root@node102 ~]# [root@node102 ~]#

2>.备份所有默认的配置文件

[root@node102 ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/total 28drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Mar  3 05:34 back-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 Dec  9  2015 CentOS-Base.repo-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Dec  9  2015 CentOS-CR.repo-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  649 Dec  9  2015 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  290 Dec  9  2015 CentOS-fasttrack.repo-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  630 Dec  9  2015 CentOS-Media.repo-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Dec  9  2015 CentOS-Sources.repo-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1952 Dec  9  2015 CentOS-Vault.repodrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Mar  3 05:34 default[root@node102 ~]# [root@node102 ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*repo /etc/yum.repos.d/default/[root@node102 ~]# [root@node102 ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/total 4drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Mar  3 05:34 backdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Mar  3 05:34 default[root@node102 ~]# [root@node102 ~]#

3>.获取yum 源

[root@node102 ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/total 4drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Mar  3 05:34 backdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Mar  3 05:34 default[root@node102 ~]# [root@node102 ~]# [root@node102 ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed100  2523  100  2523    0     0  15349      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 15478[root@node102 ~]# [root@node102 ~]# [root@node102 ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/total 8drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 Mar  3 05:34 back-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2523 Mar  3 05:35 CentOS-Base.repodrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Mar  3 05:34 default[root@node102 ~]# [root@node102 ~]#

4>.生成缓存

[root@node102 ~]# yum makecacheLoaded plugins: fastestmirrorbase                                                                                                                                                                                               | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     extras                                                                                                                                                                                             | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     updates                                                                                                                                                                                            | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     (1/8): extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db                                                                                                                                                                | 231 kB  00:00:00     extras/7/x86_64/other_db       FAILED                                          http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/extras/x86_64/repodata/d072100fade170a6b781b00657e1a6c116f84b59b35c21b98a280e598512508c-other.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] curl#6 - "Could not resolve host: mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com; Name or service not known"Trying other mirror.(2/8): updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db                                                                                                                                                               | 1.9 MB  00:00:00     (3/8): updates/7/x86_64/other_db                                                                                                                                                                   | 344 kB  00:00:00     (4/8): extras/7/x86_64/other_db                                                                                                                                                                    | 118 kB  00:00:00     (5/8): base/7/x86_64/filelists_db                                                                                                                                                                  | 7.1 MB  00:00:01     base/7/x86_64/other_db         FAILED                                          http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/repodata/fbebcd3de05e22bd1cd526e594f235968401471d4a9aef3c1ad356b6d1965365-other.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] curl#7 - "Failed connect to mirrors.aliyuncs.com:80; Connection refused"Trying other mirror.extras/7/x86_64/prestodelta    FAILED                                          http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/extras/x86_64/repodata/ea35765e72afae3e1539686da06393ce09fe26a04dbf576e218f994e4b7a706a-prestodelta.xml.gz: [Errno 14] curl#7 - "Failed connect to mirrors.aliyuncs.com:80; Connection refused"Trying other mirror.(6/8): extras/7/x86_64/prestodelta                                                                                                                                                                 |  47 kB  00:00:00     (7/8): base/7/x86_64/other_db                                                                                                                                                                      | 2.6 MB  00:00:00     updates/7/x86_64/prestodelta   FAILED                                          http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/updates/x86_64/repodata/fd2186bbf3d231d441dc73bc0d0a3f2b79d5c212d14ceadf9a878fb2a5808de3-prestodelta.xml.gz: [Errno 14] curl#7 - "Failed connect to mirrors.aliyuncs.com:80; Connection refused"Trying other mirror.(8/8): updates/7/x86_64/prestodelta                                                                                                                                                                | 343 kB  00:00:00     Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.comMetadata Cache Created[root@node102 ~]# [root@node102 ~]#

5>.备份yum 源

[root@node102 ~]# cp /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/back/[root@node102 ~]# [root@node102 ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/back/total 4-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2523 Mar  3 05:37 CentOS-Base.repo[root@node102 ~]# [root@node102 ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/default/total 28-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 Dec  9  2015 CentOS-Base.repo-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Dec  9  2015 CentOS-CR.repo-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  649 Dec  9  2015 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  290 Dec  9  2015 CentOS-fasttrack.repo-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  630 Dec  9  2015 CentOS-Media.repo-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Dec  9  2015 CentOS-Sources.repo-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1952 Dec  9  2015 CentOS-Vault.repo[root@node102 ~]# [root@node102 ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/total 8drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   29 Mar  3 05:37 back-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2523 Mar  3 05:35 CentOS-Base.repodrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Mar  3 05:34 default[root@node102 ~]# [root@node102 ~]#

 

三.yum基础软件安装

1>.安装Linux常用工具

[root@node102 ~]# yum -y install  wget net-tools vim tree htop iftop iotop lrzsz sl unzip telnet nmap nc psmisc dos2unix bash-completion nethogs glancesLoaded plugins: fastestmirrorLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.comNo package htop available.No package iftop available.No package sl available.No package nethogs available.No package glances available.Resolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package bash-completion.noarch 1:2.1-6.el7 will be installed---> Package dos2unix.x86_64 0:6.0.3-7.el7 will be installed---> Package iotop.noarch 0:0.6-4.el7 will be installed---> Package lrzsz.x86_64 0:0.12.20-36.el7 will be installed---> Package net-tools.x86_64 0:2.0-0.24.20131004git.el7 will be installed---> Package nmap.x86_64 2:6.40-16.el7 will be installed---> Package nmap-ncat.x86_64 2:6.40-16.el7 will be installed---> Package psmisc.x86_64 0:22.20-15.el7 will be installed---> Package telnet.x86_64 1:0.17-64.el7 will be installed---> Package tree.x86_64 0:1.6.0-10.el7 will be installed---> Package unzip.x86_64 0:6.0-19.el7 will be installed---> Package vim-enhanced.x86_64 2:7.4.160-5.el7 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: vim-common = 2:7.4.160-5.el7 for package: 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(:MODULE_COMPAT_5.16.3) for package: 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: libperl.so()(64bit) for package: 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: libgpm.so.2()(64bit) for package: 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64---> Package wget.x86_64 0:1.14-18.el7 will be installed--> Running transaction check---> Package gpm-libs.x86_64 0:1.20.7-5.el7 will be installed---> Package perl.x86_64 4:5.16.3-294.el7_6 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: perl(Socket) >= 1.3 for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(Scalar::Util) >= 1.10 for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl-macros for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(threads::shared) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(threads) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(constant) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(Time::Local) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(Time::HiRes) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(Storable) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(Socket) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(Scalar::Util) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Simple::XHTML) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Simple::Search) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(Getopt::Long) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(Filter::Util::Call) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(File::Temp) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(File::Spec::Unix) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(File::Spec::Functions) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(File::Spec) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(File::Path) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(Exporter) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(Cwd) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(Carp) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64---> Package perl-libs.x86_64 4:5.16.3-294.el7_6 will be installed---> Package vim-common.x86_64 2:7.4.160-5.el7 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: vim-filesystem for package: 2:vim-common-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64--> Running transaction check---> Package perl-Carp.noarch 0:1.26-244.el7 will be installed---> Package perl-Exporter.noarch 0:5.68-3.el7 will be installed---> Package perl-File-Path.noarch 0:2.09-2.el7 will be installed---> Package perl-File-Temp.noarch 0:0.23.01-3.el7 will be installed---> Package perl-Filter.x86_64 0:1.49-3.el7 will be installed---> Package perl-Getopt-Long.noarch 0:2.40-3.el7 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Usage) >= 1.14 for package: perl-Getopt-Long-2.40-3.el7.noarch--> Processing Dependency: perl(Text::ParseWords) for package: perl-Getopt-Long-2.40-3.el7.noarch---> Package perl-PathTools.x86_64 0:3.40-5.el7 will be installed---> Package perl-Pod-Simple.noarch 1:3.28-4.el7 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Escapes) >= 1.04 for package: 1:perl-Pod-Simple-3.28-4.el7.noarch--> Processing Dependency: perl(Encode) for package: 1:perl-Pod-Simple-3.28-4.el7.noarch---> Package perl-Scalar-List-Utils.x86_64 0:1.27-248.el7 will be installed---> Package perl-Socket.x86_64 0:2.010-4.el7 will be installed---> Package perl-Storable.x86_64 0:2.45-3.el7 will be installed---> Package perl-Time-HiRes.x86_64 4:1.9725-3.el7 will be installed---> Package perl-Time-Local.noarch 0:1.2300-2.el7 will be installed---> Package perl-constant.noarch 0:1.27-2.el7 will be installed---> Package perl-macros.x86_64 4:5.16.3-294.el7_6 will be installed---> Package perl-threads.x86_64 0:1.87-4.el7 will be installed---> Package perl-threads-shared.x86_64 0:1.43-6.el7 will be installed---> Package vim-filesystem.x86_64 2:7.4.160-5.el7 will be installed--> Running transaction check---> Package perl-Encode.x86_64 0:2.51-7.el7 will be installed---> Package perl-Pod-Escapes.noarch 1:1.04-294.el7_6 will be installed---> Package perl-Pod-Usage.noarch 0:1.63-3.el7 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Text) >= 3.15 for package: perl-Pod-Usage-1.63-3.el7.noarch--> Processing Dependency: perl-Pod-Perldoc for package: perl-Pod-Usage-1.63-3.el7.noarch---> Package perl-Text-ParseWords.noarch 0:3.29-4.el7 will be installed--> Running transaction check---> Package perl-Pod-Perldoc.noarch 0:3.20-4.el7 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: perl(parent) for package: perl-Pod-Perldoc-3.20-4.el7.noarch--> Processing Dependency: perl(HTTP::Tiny) for package: perl-Pod-Perldoc-3.20-4.el7.noarch---> Package perl-podlators.noarch 0:2.5.1-3.el7 will be installed--> Running transaction check---> Package perl-HTTP-Tiny.noarch 0:0.033-3.el7 will be installed---> Package perl-parent.noarch 1:0.225-244.el7 will be installed--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved========================================================================================================================================================================================================================== Package                                                     Arch                                        Version                                                       Repository                                    Size==========================================================================================================================================================================================================================Installing: bash-completion                                             noarch                                      1:2.1-6.el7                                                   base                                          85 k dos2unix                                                    x86_64                                      6.0.3-7.el7                                                   base                                          74 k iotop                                                       noarch                                      0.6-4.el7                                                     base                                          52 k lrzsz                                                       x86_64                                      0.12.20-36.el7                                                base                                          78 k net-tools                                                   x86_64                                      2.0-0.24.20131004git.el7                                      base                                         306 k nmap                                                        x86_64                                      2:6.40-16.el7                                                 base                                         3.9 M nmap-ncat                                                   x86_64                                      2:6.40-16.el7                                                 base                                         206 k psmisc                                                      x86_64                                      22.20-15.el7                                                  base                                         141 k telnet                                                      x86_64                                      1:0.17-64.el7                                                 base                                          64 k tree                                                        x86_64                                      1.6.0-10.el7                                                  base                                          46 k unzip                                                       x86_64                                      6.0-19.el7                                                    base                                         170 k vim-enhanced                                                x86_64                                      2:7.4.160-5.el7                                               base                                         1.0 M wget                                                        x86_64                                      1.14-18.el7                                                   base                                         547 kInstalling for dependencies: gpm-libs                                                    x86_64                                      1.20.7-5.el7                                                  base                                          32 k perl                                                        x86_64                                      4:5.16.3-294.el7_6                                            updates                                      8.0 M perl-Carp                                                   noarch                                      1.26-244.el7                                                  base                                          19 k perl-Encode                                                 x86_64                                      2.51-7.el7                                                    base                                         1.5 M perl-Exporter                                               noarch                                      5.68-3.el7                                                    base                                          28 k perl-File-Path                                              noarch                                      2.09-2.el7                                                    base                                          26 k perl-File-Temp                                              noarch                                      0.23.01-3.el7                                                 base                                          56 k perl-Filter                                                 x86_64                                      1.49-3.el7                                                    base                                          76 k perl-Getopt-Long                                            noarch                                      2.40-3.el7                                                    base                                          56 k perl-HTTP-Tiny                                              noarch                                      0.033-3.el7                                                   base                                          38 k perl-PathTools                                              x86_64                                      3.40-5.el7                                                    base                                          82 k perl-Pod-Escapes                                            noarch                                      1:1.04-294.el7_6                                              updates                                       51 k perl-Pod-Perldoc                                            noarch                                      3.20-4.el7                                                    base                                          87 k perl-Pod-Simple                                             noarch                                      1:3.28-4.el7                                                  base                                         216 k perl-Pod-Usage                                              noarch                                      1.63-3.el7                                                    base                                          27 k perl-Scalar-List-Utils                                      x86_64                                      1.27-248.el7                                                  base                                          36 k perl-Socket                                                 x86_64                                      2.010-4.el7                                                   base                                          49 k perl-Storable                                               x86_64                                      2.45-3.el7                                                    base                                          77 k perl-Text-ParseWords                                        noarch                                      3.29-4.el7                                                    base                                          14 k perl-Time-HiRes                                             x86_64                                      4:1.9725-3.el7                                                base                                          45 k perl-Time-Local                                             noarch                                      1.2300-2.el7                                                  base                                          24 k perl-constant                                               noarch                                      1.27-2.el7                                                    base                                          19 k perl-libs                                                   x86_64                                      4:5.16.3-294.el7_6                                            updates                                      688 k perl-macros                                                 x86_64                                      4:5.16.3-294.el7_6                                            updates                                       44 k perl-parent                                                 noarch                                      1:0.225-244.el7                                               base                                          12 k perl-podlators                                              noarch                                      2.5.1-3.el7                                                   base                                         112 k perl-threads                                                x86_64                                      1.87-4.el7                                                    base                                          49 k perl-threads-shared                                         x86_64                                      1.43-6.el7                                                    base                                          39 k vim-common                                                  x86_64                                      2:7.4.160-5.el7                                               base                                         5.9 M vim-filesystem                                              x86_64                                      2:7.4.160-5.el7                                               base                                          10 kTransaction Summary==========================================================================================================================================================================================================================Install  13 Packages (+30 Dependent packages)Total download size: 24 MInstalled size: 81 MDownloading packages:(1/43): bash-completion-2.1-6.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                       |  85 kB  00:00:00     (2/43): gpm-libs-1.20.7-5.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                           |  32 kB  00:00:00     (3/43): iotop-0.6-4.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                                 |  52 kB  00:00:00     (4/43): lrzsz-0.12.20-36.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                            |  78 kB  00:00:00     (5/43): dos2unix-6.0.3-7.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                            |  74 kB  00:00:00     (6/43): net-tools-2.0-0.24.20131004git.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                              | 306 kB  00:00:00     (7/43): nmap-ncat-6.40-16.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                           | 206 kB  00:00:00     (8/43): perl-Carp-1.26-244.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                          |  19 kB  00:00:00     (9/43): perl-Encode-2.51-7.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                          | 1.5 MB  00:00:00     (10/43): perl-Exporter-5.68-3.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                       |  28 kB  00:00:00     (11/43): perl-File-Path-2.09-2.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                      |  26 kB  00:00:00     (12/43): perl-File-Temp-0.23.01-3.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                   |  56 kB  00:00:00     (13/43): perl-Filter-1.49-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                         |  76 kB  00:00:00     (14/43): perl-Getopt-Long-2.40-3.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                    |  56 kB  00:00:00     (15/43): perl-HTTP-Tiny-0.033-3.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                     |  38 kB  00:00:00     (16/43): perl-PathTools-3.40-5.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                      |  82 kB  00:00:00     (17/43): perl-Pod-Perldoc-3.20-4.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                    |  87 kB  00:00:00     (18/43): perl-Pod-Simple-3.28-4.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                     | 216 kB  00:00:00     (19/43): perl-Pod-Escapes-1.04-294.el7_6.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                |  51 kB  00:00:00     (20/43): perl-Pod-Usage-1.63-3.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                      |  27 kB  00:00:00     (21/43): perl-Scalar-List-Utils-1.27-248.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                            |  36 kB  00:00:00     (22/43): perl-Socket-2.010-4.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                        |  49 kB  00:00:00     (23/43): perl-Storable-2.45-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                       |  77 kB  00:00:00     (24/43): perl-Text-ParseWords-3.29-4.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                |  14 kB  00:00:00     (25/43): perl-Time-HiRes-1.9725-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                   |  45 kB  00:00:00     (26/43): perl-Time-Local-1.2300-2.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                   |  24 kB  00:00:00     (27/43): perl-constant-1.27-2.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                       |  19 kB  00:00:00     (28/43): nmap-6.40-16.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                               | 3.9 MB  00:00:01     (29/43): perl-libs-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                     | 688 kB  00:00:00     (30/43): perl-macros-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                   |  44 kB  00:00:00     (31/43): perl-parent-0.225-244.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                      |  12 kB  00:00:00     (32/43): perl-podlators-2.5.1-3.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                     | 112 kB  00:00:00     (33/43): perl-threads-1.87-4.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                        |  49 kB  00:00:00     (34/43): perl-threads-shared-1.43-6.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                 |  39 kB  00:00:00     (35/43): telnet-0.17-64.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                             |  64 kB  00:00:00     (36/43): psmisc-22.20-15.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                            | 141 kB  00:00:00     (37/43): tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                              |  46 kB  00:00:00     (38/43): unzip-6.0-19.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                               | 170 kB  00:00:00     (39/43): vim-enhanced-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                     | 1.0 MB  00:00:00     (40/43): vim-filesystem-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                   |  10 kB  00:00:00     (41/43): perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                          | 8.0 MB  00:00:02     (42/43): wget-1.14-18.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                               | 547 kB  00:00:00     (43/43): vim-common-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                       | 5.9 MB  00:00:01     --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total                                                                                                                                                                                     7.0 MB/s |  24 MB  00:00:03     Running transaction checkRunning transaction testTransaction test succeededRunning transaction  Installing : 1:perl-parent-0.225-244.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                    1/43   Installing : perl-HTTP-Tiny-0.033-3.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                     2/43   Installing : perl-podlators-2.5.1-3.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                     3/43   Installing : perl-Pod-Perldoc-3.20-4.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                    4/43   Installing : 1:perl-Pod-Escapes-1.04-294.el7_6.noarch                                                                                                                                                              5/43   Installing : perl-Text-ParseWords-3.29-4.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                6/43   Installing : perl-Encode-2.51-7.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                         7/43   Installing : perl-Pod-Usage-1.63-3.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                      8/43   Installing : 4:perl-libs-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                   9/43   Installing : 4:perl-macros-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                10/43   Installing : 4:perl-Time-HiRes-1.9725-3.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                11/43   Installing : perl-Exporter-5.68-3.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                      12/43   Installing : perl-constant-1.27-2.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                      13/43   Installing : perl-Time-Local-1.2300-2.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                  14/43   Installing : perl-Socket-2.010-4.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                       15/43   Installing : perl-Carp-1.26-244.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                        16/43   Installing : perl-PathTools-3.40-5.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                     17/43   Installing : perl-Scalar-List-Utils-1.27-248.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                           18/43   Installing : perl-Storable-2.45-3.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                      19/43   Installing : perl-File-Temp-0.23.01-3.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                  20/43   Installing : perl-File-Path-2.09-2.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                     21/43   Installing : perl-threads-shared-1.43-6.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                22/43   Installing : perl-threads-1.87-4.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                       23/43   Installing : perl-Filter-1.49-3.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                        24/43   Installing : 1:perl-Pod-Simple-3.28-4.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                  25/43   Installing : perl-Getopt-Long-2.40-3.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                   26/43   Installing : 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                       27/43   Installing : 2:vim-filesystem-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                28/43   Installing : 2:vim-common-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                    29/43   Installing : 2:nmap-ncat-6.40-16.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                       30/43   Installing : gpm-libs-1.20.7-5.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                         31/43   Installing : 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                  32/43   Installing : 2:nmap-6.40-16.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                            33/43   Installing : lrzsz-0.12.20-36.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                          34/43   Installing : unzip-6.0-19.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                              35/43   Installing : wget-1.14-18.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                              36/43   Installing : net-tools-2.0-0.24.20131004git.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                            37/43   Installing : psmisc-22.20-15.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                           38/43   Installing : tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                             39/43   Installing : 1:bash-completion-2.1-6.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                   40/43   Installing : 1:telnet-0.17-64.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                          41/43   Installing : iotop-0.6-4.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                               42/43   Installing : dos2unix-6.0.3-7.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                          43/43   Verifying  : perl-HTTP-Tiny-0.033-3.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                     1/43   Verifying  : 2:nmap-6.40-16.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                             2/43   Verifying  : dos2unix-6.0.3-7.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                           3/43   Verifying  : iotop-0.6-4.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                                4/43   Verifying  : 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                   5/43   Verifying  : perl-threads-shared-1.43-6.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                 6/43   Verifying  : 4:perl-Time-HiRes-1.9725-3.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                 7/43   Verifying  : 1:perl-Pod-Escapes-1.04-294.el7_6.noarch                                                                                                                                                              8/43   Verifying  : perl-Exporter-5.68-3.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                       9/43   Verifying  : perl-constant-1.27-2.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                      10/43   Verifying  : perl-PathTools-3.40-5.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                     11/43   Verifying  : 1:telnet-0.17-64.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                          12/43   Verifying  : 1:perl-parent-0.225-244.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                   13/43   Verifying  : 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                       14/43   Verifying  : 1:bash-completion-2.1-6.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                   15/43   Verifying  : 4:perl-libs-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                  16/43   Verifying  : perl-File-Temp-0.23.01-3.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                  17/43   Verifying  : 1:perl-Pod-Simple-3.28-4.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                  18/43   Verifying  : tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                             19/43   Verifying  : perl-Time-Local-1.2300-2.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                  20/43   Verifying  : gpm-libs-1.20.7-5.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                         21/43   Verifying  : psmisc-22.20-15.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                           22/43   Verifying  : 2:vim-common-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                    23/43   Verifying  : 4:perl-macros-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                24/43   Verifying  : perl-Socket-2.010-4.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                       25/43   Verifying  : perl-Carp-1.26-244.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                        26/43   Verifying  : net-tools-2.0-0.24.20131004git.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                            27/43   Verifying  : wget-1.14-18.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                              28/43   Verifying  : perl-Scalar-List-Utils-1.27-248.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                           29/43   Verifying  : 2:nmap-ncat-6.40-16.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                       30/43   Verifying  : perl-Pod-Usage-1.63-3.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                     31/43   Verifying  : perl-Encode-2.51-7.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                        32/43   Verifying  : perl-Storable-2.45-3.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                      33/43   Verifying  : perl-Pod-Perldoc-3.20-4.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                   34/43   Verifying  : perl-podlators-2.5.1-3.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                    35/43   Verifying  : perl-File-Path-2.09-2.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                     36/43   Verifying  : perl-threads-1.87-4.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                       37/43   Verifying  : perl-Filter-1.49-3.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                        38/43   Verifying  : perl-Getopt-Long-2.40-3.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                   39/43   Verifying  : perl-Text-ParseWords-3.29-4.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                               40/43   Verifying  : unzip-6.0-19.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                              41/43   Verifying  : lrzsz-0.12.20-36.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                          42/43   Verifying  : 2:vim-filesystem-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                43/43 Installed:  bash-completion.noarch 1:2.1-6.el7   dos2unix.x86_64 0:6.0.3-7.el7   iotop.noarch 0:0.6-4.el7      lrzsz.x86_64 0:0.12.20-36.el7   net-tools.x86_64 0:2.0-0.24.20131004git.el7   nmap.x86_64 2:6.40-16.el7              nmap-ncat.x86_64 2:6.40-16.el7       psmisc.x86_64 0:22.20-15.el7    telnet.x86_64 1:0.17-64.el7   tree.x86_64 0:1.6.0-10.el7      unzip.x86_64 0:6.0-19.el7                     vim-enhanced.x86_64 2:7.4.160-5.el7    wget.x86_64 0:1.14-18.el7           Dependency Installed:  gpm-libs.x86_64 0:1.20.7-5.el7                 perl.x86_64 4:5.16.3-294.el7_6             perl-Carp.noarch 0:1.26-244.el7           perl-Encode.x86_64 0:2.51-7.el7            perl-Exporter.noarch 0:5.68-3.el7        perl-File-Path.noarch 0:2.09-2.el7             perl-File-Temp.noarch 0:0.23.01-3.el7      perl-Filter.x86_64 0:1.49-3.el7           perl-Getopt-Long.noarch 0:2.40-3.el7       perl-HTTP-Tiny.noarch 0:0.033-3.el7      perl-PathTools.x86_64 0:3.40-5.el7             perl-Pod-Escapes.noarch 1:1.04-294.el7_6   perl-Pod-Perldoc.noarch 0:3.20-4.el7      perl-Pod-Simple.noarch 1:3.28-4.el7        perl-Pod-Usage.noarch 0:1.63-3.el7       perl-Scalar-List-Utils.x86_64 0:1.27-248.el7   perl-Socket.x86_64 0:2.010-4.el7           perl-Storable.x86_64 0:2.45-3.el7         perl-Text-ParseWords.noarch 0:3.29-4.el7   perl-Time-HiRes.x86_64 4:1.9725-3.el7    perl-Time-Local.noarch 0:1.2300-2.el7          perl-constant.noarch 0:1.27-2.el7          perl-libs.x86_64 4:5.16.3-294.el7_6       perl-macros.x86_64 4:5.16.3-294.el7_6      perl-parent.noarch 1:0.225-244.el7       perl-podlators.noarch 0:2.5.1-3.el7            perl-threads.x86_64 0:1.87-4.el7           perl-threads-shared.x86_64 0:1.43-6.el7   vim-common.x86_64 2:7.4.160-5.el7          vim-filesystem.x86_64 2:7.4.160-5.el7  Complete![root@node102 ~]#

2>.检查某个命令属于哪个安装包（比如检查ifconfig属于哪个安装包）

[root@node102 ~]# yum provides ifconfigLoaded plugins: fastestmirrorLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.comnet-tools-2.0-0.24.20131004git.el7.x86_64 : Basic networking toolsRepo        : @baseMatched from:Filename    : /usr/sbin/ifconfig[root@node102 ~]#

3>.安装yum-config-manager工具

[root@node102 ~]# yum provides yum-config-managerLoaded plugins: fastestmirrorLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.comyum-utils-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch : Utilities based around the yum package managerRepo        : baseMatched from:Filename    : /usr/bin/yum-config-manager[root@node102 ~]# [root@node102 ~]# [root@node102 ~]# [root@node102 ~]# [root@node102 ~]# yum -y install yum-utilsLoaded plugins: fastestmirrorLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.comResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package yum-utils.noarch 0:1.1.31-50.el7 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: yum >= 3.4.3-143 for package: yum-utils-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch--> Processing Dependency: python-kitchen for package: yum-utils-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch--> Processing Dependency: libxml2-python for package: yum-utils-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch--> Running transaction check---> Package libxml2-python.x86_64 0:2.9.1-6.el7_2.3 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: libxml2 = 2.9.1-6.el7_2.3 for package: libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7_2.3.x86_64---> Package python-kitchen.noarch 0:1.1.1-5.el7 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: python-chardet for package: python-kitchen-1.1.1-5.el7.noarch---> Package yum.noarch 0:3.4.3-132.el7.centos.0.1 will be updated---> Package yum.noarch 0:3.4.3-161.el7.centos will be an update--> Processing Dependency: rpm >= 4.11.3-22 for package: yum-3.4.3-161.el7.centos.noarch--> Processing Dependency: python-urlgrabber >= 3.10-8 for package: yum-3.4.3-161.el7.centos.noarch--> Running transaction check---> Package libxml2.x86_64 0:2.9.1-5.el7_1.2 will be updated---> Package libxml2.x86_64 0:2.9.1-6.el7_2.3 will be an update---> Package python-chardet.noarch 0:2.2.1-1.el7_1 will be installed---> Package python-urlgrabber.noarch 0:3.10-7.el7 will be updated---> Package python-urlgrabber.noarch 0:3.10-9.el7 will be an update---> Package rpm.x86_64 0:4.11.3-17.el7 will be updated--> Processing Dependency: rpm = 4.11.3-17.el7 for package: rpm-libs-4.11.3-17.el7.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: rpm = 4.11.3-17.el7 for package: rpm-python-4.11.3-17.el7.x86_64---> Package rpm.x86_64 0:4.11.3-35.el7 will be an update--> Running transaction check---> Package rpm-libs.x86_64 0:4.11.3-17.el7 will be updated--> Processing Dependency: rpm-libs(x86-64) = 4.11.3-17.el7 for package: rpm-build-libs-4.11.3-17.el7.x86_64---> Package rpm-libs.x86_64 0:4.11.3-35.el7 will be an update---> Package rpm-python.x86_64 0:4.11.3-17.el7 will be updated---> Package rpm-python.x86_64 0:4.11.3-35.el7 will be an update--> Running transaction check---> Package rpm-build-libs.x86_64 0:4.11.3-17.el7 will be updated---> Package rpm-build-libs.x86_64 0:4.11.3-35.el7 will be an update--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved========================================================================================================================================================================================================================== Package                                                   Arch                                           Version                                                      Repository                                    Size==========================================================================================================================================================================================================================Installing: yum-utils                                                 noarch                                         1.1.31-50.el7                                                base                                         121 kInstalling for dependencies: libxml2-python                                            x86_64                                         2.9.1-6.el7_2.3                                              base                                         247 k python-chardet                                            noarch                                         2.2.1-1.el7_1                                                base                                         227 k python-kitchen                                            noarch                                         1.1.1-5.el7                                                  base                                         267 kUpdating for dependencies: libxml2                                                   x86_64                                         2.9.1-6.el7_2.3                                              base                                         668 k python-urlgrabber                                         noarch                                         3.10-9.el7                                                   base                                         108 k rpm                                                       x86_64                                         4.11.3-35.el7                                                base                                         1.2 M rpm-build-libs                                            x86_64                                         4.11.3-35.el7                                                base                                         106 k rpm-libs                                                  x86_64                                         4.11.3-35.el7                                                base                                         277 k rpm-python                                                x86_64                                         4.11.3-35.el7                                                base                                          83 k yum                                                       noarch                                         3.4.3-161.el7.centos                                         base                                         1.2 MTransaction Summary==========================================================================================================================================================================================================================Install  1 Package  (+3 Dependent packages)Upgrade             ( 7 Dependent packages)Total download size: 4.5 MDownloading packages:Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed.(1/11): libxml2-2.9.1-6.el7_2.3.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                         | 668 kB  00:00:00     (2/11): libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7_2.3.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                  | 247 kB  00:00:00     (3/11): python-chardet-2.2.1-1.el7_1.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                    | 227 kB  00:00:00     (4/11): python-kitchen-1.1.1-5.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                      | 267 kB  00:00:00     (5/11): python-urlgrabber-3.10-9.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                    | 108 kB  00:00:00     (6/11): rpm-build-libs-4.11.3-35.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                    | 106 kB  00:00:00     (7/11): rpm-libs-4.11.3-35.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                          | 277 kB  00:00:00     (8/11): rpm-python-4.11.3-35.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                        |  83 kB  00:00:00     (9/11): rpm-4.11.3-35.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                               | 1.2 MB  00:00:00     (10/11): yum-utils-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                        | 121 kB  00:00:00     (11/11): yum-3.4.3-161.el7.centos.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                       | 1.2 MB  00:00:00     --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total                                                                                                                                                                                     3.2 MB/s | 4.5 MB  00:00:01     Running transaction checkRunning transaction testTransaction test succeededRunning transaction  Updating   : rpm-4.11.3-35.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                              1/18   Updating   : rpm-libs-4.11.3-35.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                         2/18   Updating   : rpm-build-libs-4.11.3-35.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                   3/18   Updating   : rpm-python-4.11.3-35.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                       4/18   Installing : python-chardet-2.2.1-1.el7_1.noarch                                                                                                                                                                   5/18   Installing : python-kitchen-1.1.1-5.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                     6/18   Updating   : libxml2-2.9.1-6.el7_2.3.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                        7/18   Installing : libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7_2.3.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                 8/18   Updating   : python-urlgrabber-3.10-9.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                   9/18   Updating   : yum-3.4.3-161.el7.centos.noarch                                                                                                                                                                      10/18   Installing : yum-utils-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                       11/18   Cleanup    : yum-3.4.3-132.el7.centos.0.1.noarch                                                                                                                                                                  12/18   Cleanup    : rpm-python-4.11.3-17.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                      13/18   Cleanup    : python-urlgrabber-3.10-7.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                  14/18   Cleanup    : rpm-build-libs-4.11.3-17.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                  15/18   Cleanup    : rpm-libs-4.11.3-17.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                        16/18   Cleanup    : rpm-4.11.3-17.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                             17/18   Cleanup    : libxml2-2.9.1-5.el7_1.2.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                       18/18   Verifying  : python-urlgrabber-3.10-9.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                   1/18   Verifying  : rpm-python-4.11.3-35.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                       2/18   Verifying  : rpm-libs-4.11.3-35.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                         3/18   Verifying  : yum-utils-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                        4/18   Verifying  : rpm-4.11.3-35.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                              5/18   Verifying  : libxml2-2.9.1-6.el7_2.3.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                        6/18   Verifying  : libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7_2.3.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                 7/18   Verifying  : python-chardet-2.2.1-1.el7_1.noarch                                                                                                                                                                   8/18   Verifying  : python-kitchen-1.1.1-5.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                     9/18   Verifying  : yum-3.4.3-161.el7.centos.noarch                                                                                                                                                                      10/18   Verifying  : rpm-build-libs-4.11.3-35.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                  11/18   Verifying  : rpm-libs-4.11.3-17.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                        12/18   Verifying  : libxml2-2.9.1-5.el7_1.2.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                       13/18   Verifying  : rpm-4.11.3-17.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                             14/18   Verifying  : rpm-build-libs-4.11.3-17.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                  15/18   Verifying  : yum-3.4.3-132.el7.centos.0.1.noarch                                                                                                                                                                  16/18   Verifying  : rpm-python-4.11.3-17.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                      17/18   Verifying  : python-urlgrabber-3.10-7.el7.noarch                                                                                                                                                                  18/18 Installed:  yum-utils.noarch 0:1.1.31-50.el7                                                                                                                                                                                        Dependency Installed:  libxml2-python.x86_64 0:2.9.1-6.el7_2.3                                   python-chardet.noarch 0:2.2.1-1.el7_1                                   python-kitchen.noarch 0:1.1.1-5.el7                                  Dependency Updated:  libxml2.x86_64 0:2.9.1-6.el7_2.3    python-urlgrabber.noarch 0:3.10-9.el7   rpm.x86_64 0:4.11.3-35.el7   rpm-build-libs.x86_64 0:4.11.3-35.el7   rpm-libs.x86_64 0:4.11.3-35.el7   rpm-python.x86_64 0:4.11.3-35.el7    yum.noarch 0:3.4.3-161.el7.centos  Complete![root@node102 ~]#

4>.显示仓库信息

[root@node102 ~]# yum-config-manager Loaded plugins: fastestmirror========================================================================================================== main ==========================================================================================================[main]alwaysprompt = Trueassumeno = Falseassumeyes = Falseautocheck_running_kernel = Trueautosavets = Truebandwidth = 0bugtracker_url = http://bugs.centos.org/set_project.php?project_id=23&ref=http://bugs.centos.org/bug_report_page.php?category=yumcache = 0cachedir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7check_config_file_age = Trueclean_requirements_on_remove = Falsecolor = autocolor_list_available_downgrade = dim,cyancolor_list_available_install = normalcolor_list_available_reinstall = bold,underline,greencolor_list_available_running_kernel = bold,underlinecolor_list_available_upgrade = bold,bluecolor_list_installed_extra = bold,redcolor_list_installed_newer = bold,yellowcolor_list_installed_older = boldcolor_list_installed_reinstall = normalcolor_list_installed_running_kernel = bold,underlinecolor_search_match = boldcolor_update_installed = normalcolor_update_local = boldcolor_update_remote = normalcommands = debuglevel = 2deltarpm = 2deltarpm_metadata_percentage = 100deltarpm_percentage = 75depsolve_loop_limit = 100disable_includes = diskspacecheck = Truedistroverpkg = centos-releasedownloaddir = downloadonly = enable_group_conditionals = Trueenabled = Trueenablegroups = Trueerrorlevel = 2exactarch = Trueexactarchlist = exclude = exit_on_lock = Falsefailovermethod = priorityfssnap_abort_on_errors = anyfssnap_automatic_keep = 1fssnap_automatic_post = Falsefssnap_automatic_pre = Falsefssnap_devices = !*/swap,   !*/lv_swapfssnap_percentage = 100ftp_disable_epsv = Falsegaftonmode = Falsegpgcheck = Truegroup_command = objectsgroup_package_types = mandatory,   defaultgroupremove_leaf_only = Falsehistory_list_view = single-user-commandshistory_record = Truehistory_record_packages = yum,   rpmhttp_caching = allinstallonly_limit = 5installonlypkgs = kernel,   kernel-bigmem,   installonlypkg(kernel),   installonlypkg(kernel-module),   installonlypkg(vm),   kernel-enterprise,   kernel-smp,   kernel-debug,   kernel-unsupported,   kernel-source,   kernel-devel,   kernel-PAE,   kernel-PAE-debuginstallroot = /ip_resolve = keepalive = Truekeepcache = Falsekernelpkgnames = kernel,   kernel-smp,   kernel-enterprise,   kernel-bigmem,   kernel-BOOT,   kernel-PAE,   kernel-PAE-debugloadts_ignoremissing = Falseloadts_ignorenewrpm = Falseloadts_ignorerpm = Falselocalpkg_gpgcheck = Falselogfile = /var/log/yum.logmax_connections = 0mddownloadpolicy = sqlitemdpolicy = group:smallmetadata_expire = 21600metadata_expire_filter = read-only:presentminrate = 0mirrorlist_expire = 86400multilib_policy = bestobsoletes = Trueoverride_install_langs = overwrite_groups = Falsepassword = payload_gpgcheck = Falsepersistdir = /var/lib/yumpluginconfpath = /etc/yum/pluginconf.dpluginpath = /usr/share/yum-plugins,   /usr/lib/yum-pluginsplugins = Trueprogess_obj = protected_multilib = Trueprotected_packages = yum,   systemdproxy = Falseproxy_password = proxy_username = query_install_excludes = Falserecent = 7recheck_installed_requires = Trueremove_leaf_only = Falserepo_gpgcheck = Falserepopkgsremove_leaf_only = Falsereposdir = /etc/yum/repos.d,   /etc/yum.repos.dreset_nice = Trueretries = 10rpm_check_debug = Truerpmverbosity = infoshell_exit_status = 0showdupesfromrepos = Falseskip_broken = Falseskip_missing_names_on_install = Trueskip_missing_names_on_update = Truessl_check_cert_permissions = Truesslcacert = sslclientcert = sslclientkey = sslverify = Truesyslog_device = /dev/logsyslog_facility = LOG_USERsyslog_ident = throttle = 0timeout = 30.0tolerant = Truetsflags = ui_repoid_vars = releasever,   basearchupgrade_group_objects_upgrade = Trueupgrade_requirements_on_install = Falseusercache = Trueusername = usr_w_check = True======================================================================================================= repo: base =======================================================================================================[base]async = Truebandwidth = 0base_persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7baseurl = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/,   http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/,   http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/cache = 0cachedir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/basecheck_config_file_age = Truecompare_providers_priority = 80cost = 1000deltarpm_metadata_percentage = 100deltarpm_percentage = enabled = Trueenablegroups = Trueexclude = failovermethod = priorityftp_disable_epsv = Falsegpgcadir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7/base/gpgcadirgpgcakey = gpgcheck = Truegpgdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7/base/gpgdirgpgkey = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7hdrdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/headershttp_caching = allincludepkgs = ip_resolve = keepalive = Truekeepcache = Falsemddownloadpolicy = sqlitemdpolicy = group:smallmediaid = metadata_expire = 21600metadata_expire_filter = read-only:presentmetalink = minrate = 0mirrorlist = mirrorlist_expire = 86400name = CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.comold_base_cache_dir = password = persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7/basepkgdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packagesproxy = Falseproxy_dict = proxy_password = proxy_username = repo_gpgcheck = Falseretries = 10skip_if_unavailable = Falsessl_check_cert_permissions = Truesslcacert = sslclientcert = sslclientkey = sslverify = Truethrottle = 0timeout = 30.0ui_id = base/7/x86_64ui_repoid_vars = releasever,   basearchusername = ====================================================================================================== repo: extras ======================================================================================================[extras]async = Truebandwidth = 0base_persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7baseurl = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/extras/x86_64/,   http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/extras/x86_64/,   http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/extras/x86_64/cache = 0cachedir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/extrascheck_config_file_age = Truecompare_providers_priority = 80cost = 1000deltarpm_metadata_percentage = 100deltarpm_percentage = enabled = Trueenablegroups = Trueexclude = failovermethod = priorityftp_disable_epsv = Falsegpgcadir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7/extras/gpgcadirgpgcakey = gpgcheck = Truegpgdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7/extras/gpgdirgpgkey = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7hdrdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/extras/headershttp_caching = allincludepkgs = ip_resolve = keepalive = Truekeepcache = Falsemddownloadpolicy = sqlitemdpolicy = group:smallmediaid = metadata_expire = 21600metadata_expire_filter = read-only:presentmetalink = minrate = 0mirrorlist = mirrorlist_expire = 86400name = CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.comold_base_cache_dir = password = persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7/extraspkgdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/extras/packagesproxy = Falseproxy_dict = proxy_password = proxy_username = repo_gpgcheck = Falseretries = 10skip_if_unavailable = Falsessl_check_cert_permissions = Truesslcacert = sslclientcert = sslclientkey = sslverify = Truethrottle = 0timeout = 30.0ui_id = extras/7/x86_64ui_repoid_vars = releasever,   basearchusername = ===================================================================================================== repo: updates ======================================================================================================[updates]async = Truebandwidth = 0base_persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7baseurl = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/updates/x86_64/,   http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/updates/x86_64/,   http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/updates/x86_64/cache = 0cachedir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/updatescheck_config_file_age = Truecompare_providers_priority = 80cost = 1000deltarpm_metadata_percentage = 100deltarpm_percentage = enabled = Trueenablegroups = Trueexclude = failovermethod = priorityftp_disable_epsv = Falsegpgcadir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7/updates/gpgcadirgpgcakey = gpgcheck = Truegpgdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7/updates/gpgdirgpgkey = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7hdrdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/updates/headershttp_caching = allincludepkgs = ip_resolve = keepalive = Truekeepcache = Falsemddownloadpolicy = sqlitemdpolicy = group:smallmediaid = metadata_expire = 21600metadata_expire_filter = read-only:presentmetalink = minrate = 0mirrorlist = mirrorlist_expire = 86400name = CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.comold_base_cache_dir = password = persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7/updatespkgdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/updates/packagesproxy = Falseproxy_dict = proxy_password = proxy_username = repo_gpgcheck = Falseretries = 10skip_if_unavailable = Falsessl_check_cert_permissions = Truesslcacert = sslclientcert = sslclientkey = sslverify = Truethrottle = 0timeout = 30.0ui_id = updates/7/x86_64ui_repoid_vars = releasever,   basearchusername = [root@node102 ~]#

5>.yum 本地仓库创建repo 仓库

[root@node102 ~]# ll /yinzhengjie/total 0drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 60 Mar  2 07:01 softwares[root@node102 ~]# [root@node102 ~]# [root@node102 ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo="file:///yinzhengjie"Loaded plugins: fastestmirroradding repo from: file:///yinzhengjie[yinzhengjie]name=added from: file:///yinzhengjiebaseurl=file:///yinzhengjieenabled=1[root@node102 ~]# [root@node102 ~]#[root@node102 ~]# ll /yinzhengjie/total 0drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 60 Mar  2 07:01 softwares[root@node102 ~]# [root@node102 ~]# [root@node102 ~]# [root@node102 ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/total 12drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   29 Mar  3 05:37 back-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2523 Mar  3 05:35 CentOS-Base.repodrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Mar  3 05:34 default-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   91 Mar  3 05:47 yinzhengjie.repo[root@node102 ~]# [root@node102 ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/yinzhengjie.repo [yinzhengjie]name=added from: file:///yinzhengjiebaseurl=file:///yinzhengjieenabled=1[root@node102 ~]# [root@node102 ~]#

6>.删除指定的yum配置文件（比如删除掉“/etc/yu.repos.d/yinzhengjie.repo”）

[root@node102 ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/total 12drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   29 Mar  3 05:37 back-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2523 Mar  3 05:35 CentOS-Base.repodrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Mar  3 05:34 default-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   91 Mar  3 05:47 yinzhengjie.repo[root@node102 ~]# [root@node102 ~]# [root@node102 ~]# [root@node102 ~]# rm -f /etc/yum.repos.d/yinzhengjie.repo [root@node102 ~]# [root@node102 ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/total 8drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   29 Mar  3 05:37 back-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2523 Mar  3 05:35 CentOS-Base.repodrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Mar  3 05:34 default[root@node102 ~]# [root@node102 ~]#

 

四.优化ulimit

[root@node102 ~]# echo '* - nofile 65535' >> /etc/security/limits.conf[root@node102 ~]# [root@node102 ~]# cat /etc/security/limits.conf |egrep -v "^#|^$"* - nofile 65535[root@node102 ~]# [root@node102 ~]#

 

五.显示优化

1.设置ps1变量的显示    PS1（是数字1而不是字母l），每个版本bash的PS1变量内的特殊符号可能有些小的差异，你可以先man bash 一下。下面是FC4环境下默认的特殊符号所代表的意义：    \d ：代表日期，格式为weekday month date，例如："Mon Aug 1"    \H ：完整的主机名称。例如：我的机器名称为：fc4.linux，则这个名称就是fc4.linux    \h ：仅取主机的第一个名字，如上例，则为fc4，.linux则被省略    \t ：显示时间为24小时格式，如：HH：MM：SS    \T ：显示时间为12小时格式    \A ：显示时间为24小时格式：HH：MM    \u ：当前用户的账号名称    \v ：BASH的版本信息    \w ：完整的工作目录名称。家目录会以 ~代替    \W ：利用basename取得工作目录名称，所以只会列出最后一个目录    \# ：下达的第几个命令    \$ ：提示字符，如果是root时，提示符为：# ，普通用户则为：$    默认的PS1内容为： PS1='[\u@\h \W]\$ ' ，所以默认的提示符就是： [root@linux ~]#。

设置ps1变量的颜色我们能够通过配置PS1变量使提示符成为彩色。在PS1中配置字符序列颜色的格式为：     \[\e[F;Bm\]     基本上是夹在 "\e["（转义开方括号）和 "m" 之间数字值。假如指定一个以上的数字代码，则用分号将他们分开。        其中 F 为字体颜色，编号30~37； B 为背景色，编号40~47。     可通过 \e[0m 关闭颜色输出；特别的，当B为1时，将显示加亮加粗的文字，请看下面的颜色表和代码表。     颜色表        前景     背景     颜色    ---------------------------------------    30         40         黑色    31         41         红色    32         42         绿色    33         43         黄色    34         44         蓝色    35         45         紫色    36         46         青色    37         47         白色

[ "$PS1" = "\\s-\\v\\\$ " ] && PS1="[\[\e[34;1m\]\u@\[\e[0m\]\[\e[32;1m\]\H\[\e[0m\] \[\e[31;1m\]\w\[\e[0m\]]\\$ "

　　添加到/etc/bashrc，注释掉原有的PS1，然后生效source /etc/bashrc，并将连接段的字符集改成UTF-8，我们以Xshell为例，如下：

 

 

 六.修改网卡名称

1>.查看网卡信息

[root@node102 ~]# ifconfig eno16777736: flags=4163
      
         mtu 1500        inet 172.30.1.102  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 172.30.1.255        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fedc:1634  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20
               ether 00:0c:29:dc:16:34  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)        RX packets 34389  bytes 45135951 (43.0 MiB)        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0        TX packets 16107  bytes 1579825 (1.5 MiB)        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0lo: flags=73
       
          mtu 65536        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10
        
                 loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)        RX packets 4  bytes 340 (340.0 B)        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0        TX packets 4  bytes 340 (340.0 B)        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0[root@node102 ~]# [root@node102 ~]#
        
       
      

2>.修改网卡配置文件的名字

[root@node102 ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/[root@node102 network-scripts]# [root@node102 network-scripts]# mv ifcfg-eno16777736 ifcfg-eth0[root@node102 network-scripts]#

3>.修改网卡配置文件里面的内容

[root@node102 network-scripts]# pwd/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts[root@node102 network-scripts]# [root@node102 network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eth0 TYPE=EthernetDEVICE=eth0ONBOOT=yesBOOTPROTO=staticIPADDR=172.30.1.102NETMASK=255.255.255.0GATEWAY=172.30.1.254DNS1=172.30.1.254[root@node102 network-scripts]# [root@node102 network-scripts]#

4>.GRUB 添加kernel 参数

[root@node102 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/grub GRUB_TIMEOUT=5GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)"GRUB_DEFAULT=savedGRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=trueGRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rhgb net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 quiet"GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"[root@node102 ~]#

5>.使配置生效

[root@node102 ~]# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfgGenerating grub configuration file ...Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64.imgFound linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-d1667a8e7e71407d8b380ec3588d6c19Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-d1667a8e7e71407d8b380ec3588d6c19.imgdone[root@node102 ~]#

6>.重启之前检查配置是否生效

[root@node102 ~]# nmcli connectionNAME                UUID                                  TYPE            DEVICE      System eno16777736  13756690-ac77-b776-4fc1-f5535cee6f16  802-3-ethernet  eno16777736 [root@node102 ~]# [root@node102 ~]# [root@node102 ~]# ifconfig eno16777736: flags=4163
     
        mtu 1500        inet 172.30.1.102  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 172.30.1.255        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fedc:1634  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20
              ether 00:0c:29:dc:16:34  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)        RX packets 35013  bytes 45196240 (43.1 MiB)        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0        TX packets 16608  bytes 1663225 (1.5 MiB)        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0lo: flags=73
      
         mtu 65536        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10
       
                loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)        RX packets 4  bytes 340 (340.0 B)        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0        TX packets 4  bytes 340 (340.0 B)        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0[root@node102 ~]# [root@node102 ~]#
       
      
     

7>.重启服务器

[root@node102 ~]# init 6Connection closed by foreign host.Disconnected from remote host(node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn) at 22:05:45.Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.[c:\~]$

8>.重启之后发现配置已经生效

[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ifconfig eth0: flags=4163
      
         mtu 1500        inet 172.30.1.102  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 172.30.1.255        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fedc:1634  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20
               ether 00:0c:29:dc:16:34  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)        RX packets 67  bytes 7690 (7.5 KiB)        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0        TX packets 85  bytes 11524 (11.2 KiB)        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0lo: flags=73
       
          mtu 65536        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10
        
                 loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)        RX packets 4  bytes 340 (340.0 B)        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0        TX packets 4  bytes 340 (340.0 B)        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0[root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nmcli connectionNAME UUID TYPE DEVICE System eth0 5fb06bd0-0bb0-7ffb-45f1-d6edd65f3e03 802-3-ethernet eth0 [root@node102.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#